Websites Helping Small Business 2019

Small business owners, entrepreneurs, and those wishing to start a business should be aware of the information available to you on-line. Recently, the U.S. Department of Social Security reported that 85 percent of Americans 65 and over do not have more than $250. Only two percent in this age range do not need help from churches, relatives, or the Government. To avoid this, there are many tools on-line that you can use to build a successful small business and create a brighter future for yourself and your family. One magazine of interest to many small business owners is SmallBiz, published by Business Week Magazine. SmallBiz offers information and statistics for business owners on taxes, tax deadlines, and ways in which to grow your business. SmallBiz continuously publishes tips that you may have never thought of. To help and assist home based businesses, Business Weeks on-line site contains tons of useful information and tips. There you will find anything from increasing profits of your business using ads and slogans to finding better ways of using your corporate website to link and share information with other companies and websites. Networking is the key for most businesses who have a hard time getting their business operating the way they want. .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af:active, .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u17f46760fa2f2ef78af59b4feeea10af:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Learn What it Takes to Be a Chief Financial Officer (CFO)Your business could be one of the numerous on-line success stories. There are places on-line that inform you about developing business plans and how to properly go about buying or selling a business. In just a few minutes you can learn everything from determining your advertising market to incorporating your business. Even more, there is a ton of information on buying franchises, how to raise money for your business, and the financing and accounting that needs to be done to run a successful business. The SmallBiz Magazine website dedicates most of its topics to research statistics, keeping accounting documents organized, hiring employees, 401k and health plans, and ways to increase business. They often suggest ways to increase your presence on the web and the technology used to run a business. Another website, Inc.com details the process of the concept of your business idea to the creating of your company website. In short it states that all successful small businesses have a website and ideas on how to make sales from the web. .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182:active, .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u85afcceac01875ed86781fe1fd5e8182:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Working in Human ResourcesThe SBA (Small Business Administration) runs a website containing helpful ideas for a new start-up, the latest business opportunities and news, and ways to apply for loans or funding from the SBA. There are many website dedicated to this kind of information and small business owners. They are there waiting for you to find them so that they can assist you in ever detail possible. Why not use information that is so easily accessible? * Resources mentioned in this article are located at: Business Week Magazine http://www.businessweek.com SmallBiz Magazine http://mediakit.businessweek.com/Products/Magazines/SmallBiz Small Business Administration http://www.sba.gov Inc.com http://www.inc.com U.S. Department of Social Security http://www.ssa.gov Related ArticlesWhy Startups Should Seek Help From The Small Business AdministrationEarning an Education in Business AccountingThe IT Security IndustryFrom IT School to an IT CareerMaking Sure Your Internet is Safe From HackersUnderstanding Computer Science .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c:active, .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: ba ckground-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ubf79d8afc95395e810840f109badbc9c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The History of the C Programming Language

Love Why I Live At The Po And A Rose For Emily - 1177 Words

What is love? Love is can be consider as emotion or feeling to pleasure or affection. Sometimes people choose our own partner or chosen by our family. Love can be also conducted by destiny, when both peers don’t know why they attracted to one another. When a person loves someone just for a day, or not feeling that they will be together forever, we can consider it as a lust. Love stories are dominant in our generation as people might have experienced different kinds of love in their lives. In Love in time of Cholera, â€Å"Why I Live at the PO† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† are the example of love stories, which the flow of the story is about the protagonist’s problems. Lust can be considers as the main reason of conflict in most relationship. Love is complicated and comes in differente forms, can be chosen, destine or lust. Sometimes, loves can create conflict with everyone. In the novel, Love in time of Cholera, loves can be seen as lust. Florentino Ariza, a man who still waiting for his love. After a long time, they reunite for the first time, yet Fermina Daza already has a husband. This creates a great heartache when he faces the truth that they had married. Sooner or later, Florentino becomes fed up to wait for her. He becomes addicted with affairs as he had slept with many women. Although he has done a lot of affairs with other women, as he still wanted to wait for Fermina’s response. In some way, Florentino can be defined as someone who is lust with every woman. In a suddenShow MoreRelatedLove : Why I Live At The Po And A Rose For Emily902 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is love? How can it be defined? Love can be choices, destiny or lust. Sometimes people choose our own partner or chosen by our family. Love can be also conducted by destiny, when both peers don’t know why they attracted to one another. When a person loves someone just for a day, or not feeling that they will be together forever, we can consider it as a lust. Love stories are dominant in our generation as people might have experienced different kinds of love in their lives. In â€Å"Love in time of

Kitsch Internet Cafe Business Plan Free Essays

KITSCH INTERNET CAFE Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary5 1. 1 Objectives6 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Kitsch Internet Cafe Business Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 Keys to Success6 1. 3 Mission6 1. 4 Risks7 2. Company Description7 2. 1 Company Ownership7 2. 2 Start-up Summary8 2. 3 Company Locations and Facilities10 3. Description of Services11 3. 1 Competitive Comparison11 3. 2 Service Description11 3. 3 Fulfillment12 3. 4 Technology12 3. 5 Future Services12 4. Market Analysis13 4. 1 Target Market Segment Strategy13 4. 1. 1 Market Trends13 4. 1. 2 Market Needs13 4. 2 Market Segmentation14 4. Service Business Analysis15 4. 3. 1 Competition and Buying Patterns16 4. 3. 2 Business Participants16 4. 3. 3 Distributing a Service17 5. Marketing Strategy18 5. 1 Strategy Pyramid18 5. 1. 1 Attract Power Internet Users18 5. 1. 2 Social Hub18 5. 1. 3 Attract Novice Internet Users19 5. 2 SWOT Analysis19 5. 2. 1 Weaknesses20 5. 2. 2 Opportunities20 5. 2. 3 Threats20 5. 2. 4 Strengths21 5. 3 Competitive Edge21 5. 4 Marketing Strategy21 5. 4. 1 Pricing Strategy22 5. 4. 2 Promotion Strategy22 5. 5 Sales Strategy23 5. 5. 1 Sales Forecast23 . 6 Milestones26 6. Operating Plan27 6. 1 Personnel Plan27 7. Financial Plan29 7. 1 Start-up Funding29 7. 2 Important Assumptions31 7. 3 Key Financial Indicators32 7. 4 Break-even Analysis32 7. 5 Projected Profit and Loss33 7. 6 Projected Cash Flow37 7. 7 Projected Balance Sheet40 7. 8 Business Ratios42 8. Appendix46 Kitsch Internet Cafe Executive Summary Kitsch, unlike a typical cafe, will provide a unique forum for communication and entertainment through the medium of the Internet. Kitsch is the answer to an increasing demand. The public wants: (1) access to the methods of communication and volumes of information now available on the Internet, and (2) access at a cost they can afford and in such a way that they aren’t socially, economically, or politically isolated. Kitsch’s goal is to provide the community with a social, educational, entertaining, atmosphere for worldwide communication. Highlights [pic] 1. 1 Objectives Kitsch’s objectives for the first three years of operation include: †¢ The creation of a unique, upscale, innovative environment that will differentiate Kitsch from local coffee houses. Educating the community on what the Internet has to offer. †¢ The formation of an environment that will bring people with diverse interests and backgrounds together in a common forum. †¢ Good coffee and bakery items at a reasonable price. †¢ Affordable access to the resources of the Internet and other online services. 1. 2 Keys to Success The keys to the success for K itsch are: †¢ The creation of a unique, innovative, upscale atmosphere that will differentiate Kitsch from other local coffee shops and future Internet cafes. †¢ The establishment of Kitsch as a community hub for socialization and entertainment. The creation of an environment that won’t intimidate the novice user. Kitsch will position itself as an educational resource for individuals wishing to learn about the benefits the Internet has to offer. †¢ Great coffee and bakery items. 1. 3 Mission As the popularity of the Internet continues to grow at an exponential rate, easy and affordable access  is quickly becoming a necessity of life. Kitsch provides communities with the ability to access the Internet, enjoy a cup of coffee, and share Internet experiences in a comfortable environment. People of all ages and backgrounds will come to enjoy the unique, upscale, educational, and innovative environment that Kitsch provides. 1. 4 Risks The risks involved with starting Kitsch were: †¢ Will there be a demand for the services offered by Kitsch in Nicosia? †¢ Will the popularity of the Internet continue to grow, or is the Internet a fad? †¢ Will individuals be willing to pay for the service Kitsch offers? †¢ Will the cost of accessing the Internet from home drop so significantly that there will not be a market for Internet Cafes such as Kitsch? Company Description Kitsch, is located at the area of Agioi Omologites at 15 Chiou Street, offering the community easy and affordable access to the Internet. Kitsch is providing full access to email, WWW, FTP, Usenet and other Internet applications such as Telnet and Gopher. Kitsch will also provide customers with a unique and innovative environment for enjoying great coffee, specialty beverages, and bakery items. Kitsch is appealing to individuals of all ages and backgrounds. The instructional Internet classes, and the helpful staff that Kitsch provides, will appeal to the audience that does not associate themselves with the computer age. This educational aspect attracts younger and elderly members of the community who are rapidly gaining interest in the unique resources that online communications have to offer. The downtown location will provide business people with convenient access to their morning coffee and online needs. 2. 1 Company Ownership Kitsch is owned by M T Corporation with the manager Loizos Loizou to possess the main share (80%). 2. 2 Start-up Summary Kitsch’s start-up costs covered coffee making equipment, site renovation and modification, capital to cover losses in the first year, and the communications equipment necessary to get its customers online. The communications equipment necessary to provide Kitsch’s customers with a high-speed connection to the Internet and the services it has to offer make up a large portion of the start-up costs. These costs included the computer terminals and all costs associated with their set-up. Costs were also designated for the purchase of two laser printers and a scanner. Additional to those, one espresso machine, an automatic coffee grinder, and minor additional equipment will be purchased from Petersons ltd. The building at 15 Chiou Street required funds for renovation and modification. A single estimated figure was allocated for this purpose. The renovation/modification cost estimated included the costs associated with preparing the building for opening business. Start-up Expense Details: †¢ 11 computers = â‚ ¬22,000 †¢ two printers = â‚ ¬1,000 †¢ one scanner = â‚ ¬500 †¢ software = â‚ ¬810 †¢ one espresso machine = â‚ ¬10,700 †¢ one automatic espresso grinder = â‚ ¬795 †¢ other fixtures and remodeling: o two coffee/food preparation counters = â‚ ¬1,000 o one information display counter = â‚ ¬1,000 o one drinking/eating counter = â‚ ¬500 o sixteen stools = â‚ ¬1,600 o six computer desks w/chairs = â‚ ¬2,400 o stationery goods = â‚ ¬500 o two telephones = â‚ ¬200 o decoration expense = â‚ ¬13,000 Start-up | | | | |Requirements | | | | | |Start-up Expenses | | |Legal |â‚ ¬500 | |Stationery etc. â‚ ¬500 | |Brochures |â‚ ¬500 | |Consultants |â‚ ¬2,000 | |Insurance |â‚ ¬700 | |Rent |â‚ ¬1,445 | |4-group Automatic Coffee Machine |â‚ ¬10,700 |Bean Grinder |â‚ ¬795 | |Computer Systems (x11), Software, Printer, Scanner |â‚ ¬24,310 | |Communication Lines |â‚ ¬840 | |Fixtures/Remodel |â‚ ¬20,000 | |Total Start-up Expenses |â‚ ¬62,290 | | | | |Start-up Assets | | |Cash Required |â‚ ¬24,000 | |Start-up Inventory |â‚ ¬2,000 | |Other Current Assets |â‚ ¬0 | |Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Assets |â‚ ¬26,000 | | | | |Total Requirements |â‚ ¬88,290 | 2. 3 Company Locations and Facilities A site has been chosen at 15 Chiou Street in Agioi Omologites. This site was chosen for various reasons, including: †¢ Proximity to the downtown business community. †¢ Proximity to trendy, upscale restaurants such as Bagatelle, Steak Co, Paragadi fish restaurant, Aperitivo Jet Set and others †¢ Parking availability. †¢ Low cost rent – â‚ ¬. 85 per square foot for 1700 square feet. †¢ High visibility. All of these qualities are consistent with Kitsch’s goal of providing a central hub of communication and socialization for the Eugene community. Description of Services Kitsch is providing full access to email, WWW, FTP, Usenet and other Internet applications such as Telnet and Gopher. Printing, scanning, and introductory courses to the Internet are also available to the customer. Kitsch also provides customers with a unique and innovative environment for enjoying great coffee, specialty beverages, and bakery items. 3. 1 Competitive Comparison Kitsch is the first Internet cafe in Agioi Omologites. Kitsch differentiates itself from the strictly-coffee cafes in Agioi Omologites by providing its customers with Internet and computing services. 3. 2 Service Description Kitsch provides its customers with full access to the Internet and common computer software and hardware. Some of the Internet and computing services available to Kitsch’s customers are listed below: †¢ Access to external POP3 and IMAP email accounts. †¢ Customers can sign up for a Kitsch email account. This account will be managed by Kitsch servers and accessible from computer systems outside the Kitsch network. †¢ FTP, Telnet, Gopher, and other popular Internet utilities will be available. †¢ Access to Netscape, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer browser. †¢ Access to laser and color printing. †¢ Access to popular software applications like Adobe PhotoShop and Microsoft Office. Kitsch also provides its customers with access to introductory Internet and email classes. These classes will be held in the afternoon and late in the evening. By providing these classes, Kitsch builds a client base familiar with its services. The computers, Internet access, and classes wouldn’t mean half as much if taken out of the environment Kitsch provides. Good coffee, specialty drinks, bakery goods, and a comfortable environment provide Kitsch customers with a home away from home. Kitsch is a place to enjoy the benefits of computing in a comfortable and well-kept environment. 3. 3 Fulfillment Kitsch obtains computer support and Internet access from Logitech Computers located in Agioi Omologites. CYTA and CYTACOM Solutions provide the Internet connections and network consulting. Petersons ltd will provide Kitsch with coffee equipment, bulk coffee, and paper supplies. A contract for the bakery items has not been yet completed. 3. 4 Technology Kitsch invests in high-speed computers to provide its customers with a fast and efficient connection to the Internet. The computers are reliable and fun to work with. Kitsch will continue to upgrade and modify the systems to stay current with communications technology. One of the main attractions associated with Internet cafes, is the state of the art equipment available for use. Not everyone has a Pentium PC in their home or office. 3. 5 Future Services As Kitsch grows, more communications systems will be added. The possibility of additional units has been accounted for in the current floor plan. As the demand for Internet connectivity increases, along with the increase in competition, Kitsch will continue to add new services to keep its customer base coming back for more. Market Analysis Kitsch is faced with the exciting opportunity of being the first-mover in Nicosia’s cyber-cafe market. The consistent popularity of coffee, combined with the growing interest in the Internet, has been proven to be a winning concept in other markets and will produce the same results in Nicosia. 4. 1 Target Market Segment Strategy Kitsch intends to cater to people who want a guided tour on their first spin around the Internet and to experienced users eager to indulge their passion for computers in a social setting. Furthermore, Kitsch is a magnet for local and professionals who desire to work or check their email messages in a friendly atmosphere. These professionals will either use Kitsch’s PCs, or plug their notebooks into Internet connections. Kitsch’s target market covers a wide range of ages: from members of Generation X who grew up surrounded by computers, to Baby Boomers who have come to the realization that people today cannot afford to ignore computers. 4. 1. 1 Market Trends A market survey was conducted in the Fall of 2007. Key questions were asked of fifty potential customers. Some key findings include: †¢ 35 subjects said they would be willing to pay for access to the Internet. †¢ One euro per hour was the most popular hourly Internet fee at that time. †¢ 24 subjects use the Internet to communicate with others on a regular basis. 4. 1. 2 Market Needs Factors such as current trends, addiction, and historical sales data ensure that the high demand for coffee will remain constant over the next five years. The rapid growth of the Internet and online services, that has been witnessed worldwide, is only the tip of the iceberg. The potential growth of the Internet is enormous, to the point where one day, a computer terminal with an online connection will be as common and necessary as a telephone. This may be 10 or 20 years down the road, but for the next five years, the online service provider market is sure to experience tremendous growth. Being one of the first’s cyber-cafe in Nicosia, Kitsch will enjoy the first-mover advantages of name recognition and customer loyalty. Initially, Kitsch will hold a 100 percent share of the cyber-cafe market in Nicosia. In the next five years, competitors will enter the market. Kitsch has set a goal to maintain greater than a 50 percent market share. 4. 2 Market Segmentation Kitsch’s customers can be divided into two groups. The first group is familiar with the Internet and desires a progressive and inviting atmosphere where they can get out of their offices or bedrooms and enjoy a great cup of coffee. The second group is not familiar with the Internet, yet, and is just waiting for the right opportunity to enter the online community. Kitsch’s target market falls anywhere between the ages of 15 and 50. This extremely wide range of ages is due to the fact that both coffee and the Internet appeal to a variety of people. In addition to these two broad categories, Kitsch’s target market can be divided into more specific market segments. The majority of these individuals are students and business people. See the Market Analysis chart and table below for more specifics. [pic] Market Analysis | | | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Unit Sales | | | | |Coffee- average |12,016 |14,068 |15,475 | |Specialty Drinks- average |6,654 |7,913 |8,705 | |Email Memberships |8,703 |10,505 |11,556 | |Hourly Internet Fees |38,269 |46,365 |51,002 | |Baked Goods- average |32,673 |42,150 |46,365 | |Total Unit Sales |98,315 |121,001 |133,103 | | | | | |Unit Prices |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Coffee- average |â‚ ¬1. 00 |â‚ ¬1. 00 |â‚ ¬1. 00 | |Specialty Drinks- average |â‚ ¬2. 00 |â‚ ¬2. 00 |â‚ ¬1. 00 | |Email Memberships |â‚ ¬10. 00 |â‚ ¬10. 00 |â‚ ¬10. 00 | |Hourly Internet Fees |â‚ ¬2. 50 |â‚ ¬2. 50 |â‚ ¬2. 50 | |Baked Goods- average |â‚ ¬1. 25 |â‚ ¬1. 25 |â‚ ¬1. 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Sales | | | | |Coffee- average |â‚ ¬12,016 |â‚ ¬14,068 |â‚ ¬15,475 | |Specialty Drinks- average |â‚ ¬13,308 |â‚ ¬15,826 |â‚ ¬8,705 | |Email Memberships |â‚ ¬87,030 |â‚ ¬105,050 |â‚ ¬115,560 | |Hourly Internet Fees |â‚ ¬95,673 |â‚ ¬115,913 |â‚ ¬127,505 | |Baked Goods- average |â‚ ¬40,841 |â‚ ¬52,688 |â‚ ¬46,365 | |Total Sales |â‚ ¬248,868 |â‚ ¬303,544 |â‚ ¬313,610 | | | | | | |Direct Unit Costs |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Coffee- average |â‚ ¬0. 5 |â‚ ¬0. 25 |â‚ ¬0. 25 | |Specialty Drinks- average |â‚ ¬0. 50 |â‚ ¬0. 50 |â‚ ¬0. 25 | |Email Memberships |â‚ ¬2. 50 |â‚ ¬2. 50 |â‚ ¬2. 50 | |Hourly Internet Fees |â‚ ¬0. 63 |â‚ ¬0. 63 |â‚ ¬0. 63 | |Baked Goods- average |â‚ ¬0. 31 |â‚ ¬0. 31 |â‚ ¬0. 25 | | | | | | | | | | |Direct Cost of Sales | | | | |Coffee- average |â‚ ¬3,004 |â‚ ¬3,517 |â‚ ¬3,869 | |Specialty Drinks- average |â‚ ¬3,327 |â‚ ¬3,957 |â‚ ¬2,176 | |Email Memberships |â‚ ¬21,758 |â‚ ¬26,263 |â‚ ¬28,890 | |Hourly Internet Fees |â‚ ¬23,918 |â‚ ¬28,978 |â‚ ¬31,876 | |Baked Goods- average |â‚ ¬10,210 |â‚ ¬13,172 |â‚ ¬11,591 | |Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales |â‚ ¬62,217 |â‚ ¬75,886 |â‚ ¬78,403 | 5. 6 Milestones The Kitsch management team has established some basic milestones to keep the business plan priorities in place. Responsibility for implementation falls on the shoulders of Loizos Loizou. This Milestones Table below will be updated as the year progresses using the actual tables. New milestones added as the first year of operations commences. [pic] 6. Operating Plan Kitsch is owned and operated by Mr. Loizos Loizou. The company, being small in nature, requires a simple organizational structure. Implementation of this organizational form calls for the owner, Mr. Loizou, to make all of the major management decisions in addition to monitoring all other business activities. 6. 1 Personnel Plan The staff will consist of six part-time employees working thirty hours a week at â‚ ¬5. 50 per hour. In addition, one full-time technician (who is more technologically oriented to handle minor terminal repairs/inquiries) will be employed to work forty hours a week at â‚ ¬10. 00 per hour. The two private investors, Andreas Augoustinos and Panagiotis Metaxas will not be included in management decisions. This simple structure provides a great deal of flexibility and allows communication to disperse quickly and directly. Because of these characteristics, there are few coordination problems seen at Kitsch that are common within larger organizational chains. This strategy will enable Kitsch to react quickly to changes in the market. Personnel Plan | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Owner |â‚ ¬24,000 |â‚ ¬26,400 |â‚ ¬29,040 | |Part Time 1 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 | |Part Time 2 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,92 |â‚ ¬7,920 | |Part Time 3 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 |à ¢â€š ¬7,920 | |Part Time 4 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 | |Part Time 5 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 | |Part Time 6 |â‚ ¬3,960 |â‚ ¬7,920 |â‚ ¬7,920 | |Technician |â‚ ¬21,731 |â‚ ¬23,904 |â‚ ¬26,294 | |Manager |â‚ ¬4,000 |â‚ ¬24,000 |â‚ ¬26,400 | |Total People |9 |9 |9 | | | | | | |Total Payroll |â‚ ¬93 |â‚ ¬121,824 |â‚ ¬129,254 | | |291 | | | 7. Financial Plan The following sections lay out the details of our financial plan for the next three years. 7. 1 Start-up Funding This business plan is prepared to obtain financing in the amount of â‚ ¬24,000. The supplemental financing is required to begin work on site preparation and modifications, equipment purchases, and to cover expenses in the first year of operations. Additional financing has already been secured as follows: †¢ â‚ ¬19,000 of personal savings from owner Loizos Loizou †¢ â‚ ¬36,000 from two investors †¢ and â‚ ¬9,290 in the form of sh ort-term loans Start-up Funding | | | | |Start-up Expenses to Fund |â‚ ¬62,290 | |Start-up Assets to Fund |â‚ ¬26,000 | |Total Funding Required |â‚ ¬88,290 | | | | |Assets | | |Non-cash Assets from Start-up |â‚ ¬2,000 | |Cash Requirements from Start-up |â‚ ¬24,000 | |Additional Cash Raised |â‚ ¬0 | |Cash Balance on Starting Date |â‚ ¬24,000 | |Total Assets |â‚ ¬26,000 | |Liabilities and Capital | | | | | |Liabilities | | |Current Borrowing |â‚ ¬9,290 | |Long-term Liabilities |â‚ ¬24,000 | |Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) |â‚ ¬0 | |Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Liabilities |â‚ ¬33,290 | | | | |Capital | | |Planned Investment | | |Loizos Loizou |â‚ ¬43,000 | |Private Investor |â‚ ¬12,000 | |Additional Investment Requirement |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Planned Investment |â‚ ¬55,000 | |Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) |(â‚ ¬62,290) | |Total Capital |(â‚ ¬7,290) | |Total Capital and Liabilities |â‚ ¬26,000 | |Total Funding |â‚ ¬88,290 | 7. 2 Important Assumptions Basic assumptions  are presented in the table below. General Assumptions | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Plan Month |1 |2 |3 | |Current Interest Rate |8. 00% |8. 00% |8. 00% | |Long-term Interest Rate |10. 00% |10. 00% |10. 00% | |Tax Rate |30. 00% |30. 00% |30. 00% | |Other |0 |0 |0 | 7. 3 Key Financial Indicators Important benchmark data is presented in the chart below. Benchmarks [pic] 7. 4 Break-even Analysis Break-even data is presented in the chart and table below. [pic] Break-even Analysis | | | | |Monthly Units Break-even |7,294 | |Monthly Revenue Break-even |â‚ ¬18,462 | | | | |Assumptions: | | |Average Per-Unit Revenue |â‚ ¬2. 53 | |Average Per-Unit Variable Cost |â‚ ¬0. 63 | |Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |â‚ ¬13,847 | 7. 5 Projected Profit and Loss Payroll Expense: The founder of Kitsch, Loizos Loizou, will receive a salary of â‚ ¬24,000 in year one, â‚ ¬26,400 in year two, and â‚ ¬29,040 in year three. Kitsch intends to hired six part-time employees by the end of year one at â‚ ¬5. 75/hour and a full-time technician at â‚ ¬10. 00/hour. Rent Expense: Kitsch is leasing a 1700 square foot facility at â‚ ¬. 85/sq. oot. The lease agreement Kitsch signed specifies that we pay â‚ ¬2,000/month for a total of 36 months. At the end of the third year, the lease is open for negotiations and Kitsch may or may not re-sign the lease depending on the demands of the lessor. Utilities Expense: As stated i n the contract, the lessor is responsible for the payment of utilities including gas, garbage disposal, and real estate taxes. The only utilities expense that Kitsch must pay is the phone bill generated by fifteen phone lines; thirteen will be dedicated to modems and two for business purposes. The basic monthly service charge for each line provided by CYTA is â‚ ¬17. 29. The 13 lines used to connect the modems will make local calls to the network provided by CYTACOM Solutions resulting in a monthly charge of â‚ ¬224. 77. The two additional lines used for business communication will cost â‚ ¬34. 58/month plus long distance fees. Kitsch assumes that it will not make more than â‚ ¬40. 00/month in long distance calls. Therefore, the total cost associated with the two business lines is estimated at â‚ ¬74. 58/month and the total phone expense at â‚ ¬299. 35/month. In addition, there will be an additional utility expense of â‚ ¬800 for estimated EWEB bills. Marketing Expense: Kitsch allocated â‚ ¬33,750 for promotional expenses over the first year. These were used for advertising in local newspapers in order to build consumer awareness. For additional information, please refer to section 5. 0 of the business plan. Insurance Expense: Kitsch has allocated â‚ ¬1,440 for insurance for the first year. As revenue increases in the second and third year of business, Kitsch intends to invest more money for additional insurance coverage. Depreciation: In depreciating our capital equipment, Kitsch used the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery Method. We depreciated our computers over a five-year time period and our fixtures over seven years. Taxes: Kitsch is not taxed. However, there is a 15% payroll burden. Detailed Profit and Loss data is presented in the table below. [pic] [pic] [pic] Pro Forma Profit and Loss | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Sales |â‚ ¬248,868 |â‚ ¬303,544 |â‚ ¬313,610 | |Direct Cost of Sales |â‚ ¬62,217 |â‚ ¬75,886 |â‚ ¬78,403 | |Other Costs of Sales |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Cost of Sa les |â‚ ¬62,217 |â‚ ¬75,886 |â‚ ¬78,403 | | | | | | |Gross Margin |â‚ ¬186,651 |â‚ ¬227,658 |â‚ ¬235,208 | |Gross Margin % |75. 00% |75. 00% |75. 0% | | | | | | | | | | | |Expenses | | | | |Payroll |â‚ ¬93,291 |â‚ ¬121,824 |â‚ ¬129,254 | |Marketing/Promotion |â‚ ¬33,750 |â‚ ¬40,000 |â‚ ¬43,000 | |Depreciation |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Rent |â‚ ¬24,000 |â‚ ¬24,000 |â‚ ¬24,000 | |Utilities |â‚ ¬9,120 |â‚ ¬9,120 |â‚ ¬9,120 | |Insurance |â‚ ¬6,000 |â‚ ¬6,000 |â‚ ¬6,000 | |Payroll Taxes |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Other â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Operating Expenses |â‚ ¬166,161 |â‚ ¬200,944 |â‚ ¬211,374 | | | | | | |Profit Before Interest and Taxes |â‚ ¬20,490 |â‚ ¬26,714 |â‚ ¬23,834 | |EBITDA |â‚ ¬20,490 |â‚ ¬26,714 |â‚ ¬23,834 | |Interest Expense |â‚ ¬2,325 |â‚ ¬1,470 |â‚ ¬1,100 | |Taxes Incurred |â‚ ¬5,450 |â‚ ¬7,573 |â‚ ¬6,820 | | | | | | |Net Profit |â⠀š ¬12,716 |â‚ ¬17,671 |â‚ ¬15,913 | |Net Profit/Sales |5. 11% |5. 82% |5. 07% | 7. 6 Cash Flow Cash flow data is presented in the chart and table below. Accounts Payable: Kitsch acquired a â‚ ¬24,000 loan from a bank at a 10% interest rate. The loan paid back at â‚ ¬800/month over the next three years. The â‚ ¬9,290 short term loan paid back at a rate of 8%. Cash (000 â‚ ¬) [pic] |Pro Forma Cash Flow | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Cash Received | | | | | | | | | |Cash from Operations | | | | |Cash Sales |â‚ ¬248,868 |â‚ ¬303,544 |â‚ ¬313,610 |Subtotal Cash from Operations |â‚ ¬248,868 |â‚ ¬303,544 |â‚ ¬313,610 | | | | | | |Additional Cash Received | | | | |Sales Tax, VAT, Received |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |New Current Borrowing |â‚ ¬2,000 |â‚ ¬5,000 |â‚ ¬0 | |New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |New Long-term Liabilities |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Sales of Other Current Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Sales of Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |New Investment Received |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Subtotal Cash Received |â‚ ¬250,868 |â‚ ¬308,544 |â‚ ¬313,610 | | | | | | |Expenditures |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | | | | | | |Expenditures from Operations | | | | |Cash Spendi ng |â‚ ¬93,291 |â‚ ¬121,824 |â‚ ¬129,254 | |Bill Payments |â‚ ¬133,870 |â‚ ¬165,945 |â‚ ¬168,467 | |Subtotal Spent on Operations |â‚ ¬227,161 |â‚ ¬287,769 |â‚ ¬297,721 | | | | | | |Additional Cash Spent | | | | |Sales Tax, VAT, Paid Out |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |â‚ ¬9,290 |â‚ ¬2,000 |â‚ ¬0 | |Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |â‚ ¬9,600 |â‚ ¬5,000 |â‚ ¬4,800 | |Purchase Other Current Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Purchase Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Dividends |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Subtotal Cash Spent |â‚ ¬246,051 |â‚ ¬294,769 |â‚ ¬302,521 | | | | | | |Net Cash Flow |â‚ ¬4,817 |â‚ ¬13,775 |â‚ ¬11,089 | |Cash Balance |â‚ ¬28,817 |â‚ ¬42,592 |â‚ ¬53,681 | 7. 7 Projected Balance Sheet Our projected balance sheet is presented in the table below. Pro Forma Balance Sheet | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Assets | | | | | | | | | |Current Assets | | | | |Cash |â‚ ¬28,817 |â‚ ¬42,592 |â‚ ¬53,681 | |Inventory |â‚ ¬6,980 |â‚ ¬8,514 |â‚ ¬8,796 | |Other Current Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Current Assets |â‚ ¬35,797 |â‚ ¬51,106 |â‚ ¬62,478 | | | | | | |Long-term Assets | | | | |Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Accumulated Depreciation |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Assets |â‚ ¬35,797 |â‚ ¬51,106 |â‚ ¬62,478 | | | | | | |Liabilities and Capital |Year 1 Year 2 |Year 3 | | | | | | |Current Liabilities | | | | |Accounts Payable |â‚ ¬13,972 |â‚ ¬13,610 |â‚ ¬13,868 | |Current Borrowing |â‚ ¬2,000 |â‚ ¬5,000 |â‚ ¬5,000 | |Other Current Liabilities |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Subtotal Current Liabilities |â‚ ¬15,972 |â‚ ¬18,610 |â‚ ¬18,868 | | | | | | |Long-term Liabilities |â‚ ¬14,400 |â‚ ¬9,400 |â‚ ¬4,600 | |Total Liabilities |â‚ ¬30,372 |â‚ ¬28,010 |â‚ ¬23,468 | | | | | | |Paid-in Capital |â‚ ¬55,000 |â‚ ¬55,000 |â‚ ¬55,000 | |Retained Earnings |(â‚ ¬62,290) |(â‚ ¬49,574) |(â‚ ¬31,904) | |Earnings |â‚ ¬12,716 |â‚ ¬17,671 |â‚ ¬15,913 | |Total Capital |â‚ ¬5,426 |â‚ ¬23,096 |â‚ ¬39,010 | |Total Liabilities and Capital |â‚ ¬35,797 |â‚ ¬51,106 |â‚ ¬62,478 | | | | | | |Net Worth |â‚ ¬5,426 |â‚ ¬23,096 |â‚ ¬39,010 | 7. 8 Business Ratios The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code for the Internet Service Provider industry is â€Å"Remote data base information retrieval† 7375. 9903. We used the report for â€Å"Information retrieval services† 7375 to generate  the industry profile. As we are also a food cafe we could have used the ratios based on SIC classification 5812, â€Å"Eating places†. The combined nature of Kitsch Cafe makes our ratios a blend of the two i ndustries. Ratio Analysis | | |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 |Industry Profile| |Sales Growth |0. 00% |21. 97% |3. 32% |0. 90% | | | | | | | |Percent of Total Assets | | | | | |Inventory |19. 50% |16. 66% |14. 08% |2. 17% | |Other Current Assets |0. 00% |0. 00% |0. 00% |84. 8% | |Total Current Assets |100. 00% |100. 00% |100. 00% |86. 95% | |Long-term Assets |0. 00% |0. 00% |0. 00% |13. 05% | |Total Assets |100. 00% |100. 00% |100. 00% |100. 00% | | | | | | | |Current Liabilities |44. 62% |36. 41% |30. 20% |28. 33% | |Long-term Liabilities |40. 23% |18. 39% |7. 36% |16. 21% | |Total Liabilities |84. 84% |54. 1% |37. 56% |44. 54% | |Net Worth |15. 16% |45. 19% |62. 44% |55. 46% | | | | | | | |Percent of Sales | | | | | |Sales |100. 00% |100. 00% |100. 00% |100. 00% | |Gross Margin |75. 00% |75. 00% |75. 00% |100. 00% | |Selling, General Administrative |69. 89% |69. 18% |69. 93% |79. 0% | |Expenses | | | | | |Advertising Expenses |0. 00% |0. 00% |0. 00% |1. 01% | |Profit Before Interest and Taxes |8. 23% |8. 80% |7. 60% |1. 62% | | | | | | | |Main Ratios | | | | | |Current |2. 24 |2. 75 |3. 31 |0. 00 | |Quick |1. 80 |2. 29 |2. 85 |0. 0 | |Total Debt to Total Assets |84. 84% |54. 81% |37. 56% |0. 00% | |Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |334. 80% |109. 30% |58. 28% |0. 00% | |Pre-tax Return on Assets |50. 74% |49. 40% |36. 39% |0. 00% | | | | | | | |Additional Ratios |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | | |Net Profit Margin |5. 11% |5. 82% |5. 07% |n. a | |Return on Equity |234. 36% |76. 1% |40. 79% |n. a | | | | | | | |Activity Ratios | | | | | |Inventory Turnover |12. 00 |9. 80 |9. 06 |n. a | |Accounts Payable Turnover |10. 58 |12. 17 |12. 17 |n. a | |Payment Days |27 |30 |30 |n. a | |Total Asset Turnover |6. 95 |5. 94 |5. 02 |n. | | | | | | | |Debt Ratios | | | | | |Debt to Net Worth |5. 60 |1. 21 |0. 60 |n. a | |Current Liab. to Liab. |0. 53 |0. 66 |0. 80 |n. a | | | | | | | |Liquidity Ratios | | | | | |Net Working Capital |â‚ ¬19,826 |â‚ ¬32,496 |â‚ ¬43,610 |n. | |Interes t Coverage |8. 81 |18. 17 |21. 67 |n. a | | | | | | | |Additional Ratios | | | | | |Assets to Sales |0. 14 |0. 17 |0. 20 |n. a | |Current Debt/Total Assets |45% |36% |30% |n. a | |Acid Test |1. 80 |2. 29 |2. 85 |n. a | |Sales/Net Worth |45. 87 |13. 14 |8. 4 |n. a | |Dividend Payout |0. 00 |0. 00 |0. 00 |n. a | 8. Appendix |Sales | | | | | | | | | | | |Month 1 |Month 2 |Month 3 |Month 4 |Month 5 |Month 6 |Month 7 |Month 8 |Month 9 |Month 10 |Month 11 |Month 12 | |Assets |Starting Balances | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Current Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Cash |â‚ ¬24,00 |â‚ ¬23,026 |â‚ ¬18,600 |â‚ ¬13,589 |â‚ ¬16,879 |â‚ ¬16,066 |â‚ ¬19,557 |â‚ ¬20,657 |â‚ ¬22,308 |â‚ ¬24,307 |â‚ ¬26,675 |â‚ ¬27,415 |â‚ ¬28,817 | |Inventory |â‚ ¬2,000 |â‚ ¬1,900 |â‚ ¬2,683 |â‚ ¬3,106 |â‚ ¬5,203 |â‚ ¬5,403 |â‚ ¬5,614 |â‚ ¬5,819 |â‚ ¬6,034 |â‚ ¬6,256 |â‚ ¬6,490 |â‚ ¬6,730 |â‚ ¬6,980 | |Ot her Current Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Current Assets |â‚ ¬26,00 |â‚ ¬24,926 |â‚ ¬21,282 |â‚ ¬16,696 |â‚ ¬22,082 |â‚ ¬21,469 |â‚ ¬25,170 |â‚ ¬26,476 |â‚ ¬28,342 |â‚ ¬30,562 |â‚ ¬33,165 |â‚ ¬34,145 |â‚ ¬35,797 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Long-term Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Accumulated Depreciation |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Long-term Assets |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Total Assets |â‚ ¬26,00 |â‚ ¬24,926 |â‚ ¬21,282 |â‚ ¬16,696 |â‚ ¬22,082 |â‚ ¬21,469 |â‚ ¬25,170 |â‚ ¬26,476 |â‚ ¬28,342 |â‚ ¬30,562 |â‚ ¬33,165 |â‚ ¬34,145 |â‚ ¬35,797 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Liabilities and Capital | |Month 1 |Month 2 |Month 3 |Month 4 |Month 5 |Month 6 |Month 7 |Month 8 |Month 9 |Month 10 |Month 11 |Month 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Current Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Accounts Payable |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬6,503 |â‚ ¬8,785 |â‚ ¬8,701 |â‚ ¬13,654 |â‚ ¬12,180 |â‚ ¬12,578 |â‚ ¬12,709 |â‚ ¬13,055 â‚ ¬13,410 |â‚ ¬13,786 |â‚ ¬13,581 |â‚ ¬13,972 | |Current Borrowing |â‚ ¬9,290 |â‚ ¬8,540 |â‚ ¬7,790 |â‚ ¬7,040 |â‚ ¬6,290 |â‚ ¬5,540 |â‚ ¬6,790 |â‚ ¬6,040 |â‚ ¬5,290 |â‚ ¬4,540 |â‚ ¬3,790 |â‚ ¬3,040 |â‚ ¬2,000 | |Other Current Liabilities |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬0 | |Subtotal Current Liabilities |â‚ ¬9,290 |â‚ ¬15,043 |â‚ ¬16,575 |â‚ ¬15,741 |â‚ ¬19,944 |â‚ ¬17,720 |â‚ ¬19,368 |â‚ ¬18,749 |â‚ ¬18,345 |â‚ ¬17,950 |â‚ ¬17,576 |â‚ ¬16,621 |â‚ ¬15,972 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Long-term Liabilities |â‚ ¬24,00 |â‚ ¬23,200 |â‚ ¬22,400 |â‚ ¬21,600 |â‚ ¬20,800 |â‚ ¬20,000 |â‚ ¬19,200 |â‚ ¬18,400 |â‚ ¬17,600 |â‚ ¬16,800 |â‚ ¬16,000 |â‚ ¬15,200 |â‚ ¬14,400 | |Total Liabilities |â‚ ¬33,29 |â‚ ¬38,243 |â‚ ¬38,975 |â‚ ¬37,341 |â‚ ¬40,744 |â‚ ¬37,720 |â‚ ¬38,568 |â‚ ¬37,149 |â‚ ¬35,945 |â‚ ¬34,750 |â‚ ¬33,576 |â‚ ¬31,821 |â‚ ¬30,372 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Paid-in Capital |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 |â‚ ¬55 | |Retained Earnings |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 |â‚ ¬62,29 | |Earnings |â‚ ¬0 |â‚ ¬6,027 |â‚ ¬10,403 |â‚ ¬13,356 |â‚ ¬11,372 |â‚ ¬8,961 |â‚ ¬6,108 |â‚ ¬3,382 |â‚ ¬313 |â‚ ¬3,103 |â‚ ¬6,879 |â‚ ¬9,614 |â‚ ¬12,716 | |Total Capital |â‚ ¬7,290 |â‚ ¬13,317 |â‚ ¬17,693 |â‚ ¬20,646 |â‚ ¬18,66 |â‚ ¬16,251 |â‚ ¬13,398 |â‚ ¬10,672 |â‚ ¬7,603 |â‚ ¬4,187 |â‚ ¬411 |â‚ ¬2,324 |â‚ ¬5,426 | |Total Liabilities and Capital |â‚ ¬26,00 |â‚ ¬24,926 |â‚ ¬21,282 |â‚ ¬16,696 |â‚ ¬22,082 |â‚ ¬21,469 |â‚ ¬25,170 |â‚ ¬26,476 |â‚ ¬28,342 |â‚ ¬30,562 |â‚ ¬33,165 |â‚ ¬34,145 |â‚ ¬35,797 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Net Worth |â‚ ¬7,290 |â‚ ¬13,317 |â‚ ¬17,693 |â‚ ¬20,646 |â‚ ¬18,662 |â‚ ¬16,251 |â‚ ¬13,398 |â‚ ¬10,672 |â‚ ¬7,603 |â‚ ¬4,187 |â‚ ¬411 |â‚ ¬2,324 |â‚ ¬5,426 | | How to cite Kitsch Internet Cafe Business Plan, Papers

External Threats That Face Coca Cola Commerce Essay Example For Students

External Threats That Face Coca Cola Commerce Essay The study provides a elaborate analysis of the external environmental menaces of coca Cola every bit good as how it monitors its environment to discourage all the possible menaces that may be /arise at that place from, to enable it keep a competitory place over its cardinal rivals in the relentless shrinkage concern universe with its attendant intense and unchecked competition. This study, in a command to reexamine of the current monitoring system of coca-cola, will take a problem/solution attack. This attack will assist happen out endangering environmental factors that affect determination devising, and scheme preparation and the realization of the strategic purpose of the coca-cola, such as economic ordinances, revenue enhancement alterations, new Torahs, trade barriers, demographic alteration, and authorities policy alterations among others. Books, articles, diaries and periodicals were reviewed, internet beginnings were besides visited, to arouse information. The major menace identified were more of environmental, originating majorly from its sludge which was alleged to incorporate a high degree of toxic chemicals, including Cd and lead, both of which can be harmful to human and workss. The instance of coca-cola works in Perumatti in the southern province of Kerala in India was used as a instance survey. Amidst these menaces, cardinal countries of chances for coca-cola were besides identified. An prototype of this is its partnership with International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) since 1928 and its recent reclamation boulder clay 2020, covering a 12 -year treaty from the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games through the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic. ( http: //www2.coca-cola.com/ ) Sing the degree of uncertainness and altering fortunes in the international concern sphere, particularly in the face of the looming economic down-turn, the study, proffered the undermentioned recommendations: The usage of environmental impact appraisal, both before constructing a works and afterwards. development of daily/weekly/monthly studies which will maintain it abreast of what s new and important in the market particularly at the street degree. the usage of scenario planning which will invariably maintain the company informed about what is go oning in its market place every bit good as the spread between where they are, and where they intend to be. The usage of bench marker, to be able to happen out the spread between what they are making and those of their rivals. development of indispensable rival information which includes statements on scheme, new merchandise development, selling enterprises and cardinal assignments and enlargement programs and capacity fluctuations. development of topographic point pattern/ trends that will be able to place weak signal and therefore maintain in front of its rivals. Introduction Not merely is coca Cola the universe s largest drink company, but in 200 states ( with consumers basking an norm of 1.6 billion helpings a twenty-four hours ) , sells about 500 scintillating trade names, including 4 of the top Sellerss ( coca- Cola, diet coke, fairy and fanta ) , scintillating drinks, juices, and ready to imbibe teas among others. ( http: //www2.coca-cola.com/ ) Established: 1886 with its official central office in Atlanta, Georgia Company Associates: 92,400 worldwide ( as of December 31, 2008 ) New York Stock Exchange Ticker Symbol: KO Supporting Communities In 2007, The Coca-Cola Company and The Coca-Cola Foundation made charitable Contributions of $ 99 million to community enterprises worldwide. . ( http: //www2.coca-cola.com/ ) 2008 Financial Highlights: Our portfolio includes 13 billion dollar trade names. Unit instance volume grew 5 % to 23.7 billion unit instances worldwide. Net operating grosss grew 11 % to $ 31.9 billion. More than 70 % of our cyberspace operating grosss and more than 75 % of our unit instance volume were generated outside of North America. ( http: //www2.coca-cola.com/ ) With mention to SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porter s five competitory scheme, I am analyzing the unstable ordinances, revenue enhancement Torahs, trade limitations, duty, demographic alterations, in the concern environment of coca-cola and a reappraisal of the current monitoring system of the external environment every bit good as proffering a recommendation, with respects to what coke could make better, to keep and its competitory rim over its rivals. THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA USING SWOT ANALYSIS IT S STRENGHTS At the bosom of strategic planning, is environmental scanning ; a procedure of analyzing the environment of the organisation to nail chances and menaces ( Mathis, R.L, and Jackson, J.H:47 ) . To analyze coca-cola s environment, I am traveling to utilize SWOT and PESTLE analysis tools every bit good as the Michael porter s five of competitory scheme. This is so because, it is the developments in the macro concern environment, associating to political, societal, technological, etc that automatically make chances or menaces and in bend, impact on the strategic development of coca-cola which may either convey success or impair its strategic purpose. For coca-cola, matchless chances abounds, which can non be delinked from its strengths in invention and merchandise line enlargement aggressive advertizement and publicities. Harmonizing to Morrison, J. ( 2006:130-1 ) coca- Cola s strength has been in the carbonated soft drinks market, served by its flagship trade name, coke, and promoted by planetary advertisement runs . The Great Gatsby Analysis EssayGross saless addition: 4 % on coca-cola, 10 % coke s zero trade name 55 % net income and 5 % planetary gross revenues. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8506495.stm ) and Net runing revenue-:5 % , $ 7.51 billion exceeding analyst prognosis of 7.22 billion. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/business/10coke.html ) PORTER S FIVE COMPETITIVE Force Another scheme used by coca-cola to supervise its environment is the usage of Michael Porte s five theories. Michael Porter ( 1980 ) considers the external factors, that can impact upon an organisations competitory placement, and therefore identifies five competitory forces that govern the regulation of competition and how the regulations prevail in any administration, both at place and at the planetary market.A comprehensive understanding the nature of each of these forces gives administrations the necessary penetrations to ease them to make the suited schemes to be successful in their market. Porter farther suggested that the comparative strengths of these forces besides determines the strength of competition.These five forces are: Menace of new entrants ; menace of substitutes/ replacing merchandises ; dickering power of purchasers ; dickering power of providers, and competitions between houses of the same sector. Menace OF NEW ENTRANTS Sing the trade name trueness, economic systems of graduated table, entree to channels of distribution, etc, which coca-cola has acquired over the old ages, there is small or no menace for its merchandises from new entrants into the non-alcoholic drink sector. In the visible radiation of this, Coca-cola is topographic point in a good competitory place. Menace OF SUBSTITUTES/ REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS: Dickering Power of Suppliers This is really low for coca-cola sing the fact that there are assortment of beginnings from which it can beginning inputs from. In other words, the provider concatenation for its natural stuffs is dependable, fast, and monetary values are negotiable. Menace FROM Competition Coca-cola is a full-blown and dominant participant in the worldwide soft drink industry, with a strong trade name trueness. Albeit, there exist the cola wars , between coke and Pepsi, both of them fundamentally portion the full soft drink market, doing usage of rough selling, advertisement and publicity tactics and this frequently lead to haltering net incomes between the two soft drink war-lords. HOW DOES COCA-COLA MONITOR ITS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT? An apprehension that coca-cola does non run in a vacuity has made it to continually scan its environment in order to happen out or anticipate likely environmental menaces and therefore develop appropriate responses to them. This has helped it to take advantage of its chances, and minimise menaces and once more, determines how it will accomplish a sustainable competitory advantage. Certain theoretical accounts and models that can be used for this purpose includes: Scenario planning, client surveys/ sentiment polls, bench marker, among others. Customer Surveys /Opinion polls: This is a scheme coke uses to happen out the sentiment consumer have about is merchandises or other alterations particularly as it concerns its activities and those of its rivals. Over the old ages, coca-cola and Pepsi have been locked in ferocious conflicts, sometimes described as the Cola wars Shimp, T.A ( 2007:43 ) . One sensational conflict began in 1975 when the traditional coke was tested against Pepsi. ( ibid ) The consequence gotten informed a alteration in the coke s expression for more sugariness, the consequence was that the folks who liked old Coke went brainsick so brainsick that the Coca Cola Company decided to convey it back as Coke Classic. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-3961611.html ) Scenario Planning: Scenarios are realistic descriptions of the administrations possible hereafters that allow the scenario squad to put aside its single and organizational premises about how the external environment will run and research new 1s ( Ralston, B.2006:141 ) Coca-cola is invariably cognizant of the nexus between its scheme and the changing hereafter, therefore, itself for the ifaˆÂ ¦then likely hereafter. This is exemplified it its mission statement, therefore: the universe is altering all around us. To go on to boom as a concern over the following 10 old ages and beyond, we must look in front, understand the tendencies and forces that will determine our concern in the hereafter and travel fleetly to fix for what s to come. We must acquire ready for tomorrow today. That s what our 2020 Vision is all about. It creates a long-run finish for our concern and provides us with a Roadmap for winning together with our bottler spouses ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html ) Benchmarking is the comparing of public presentation in one administration or portion of an organisation against that in another, with a position to happening ways of bettering public presentation. ( Needle, D.2004:433 ) This avails the company the chance to take disciplinary steps actions. Recommendation It is recommended that coca- Cola should take immediate action to launch and promote environmental impact appraisal of locations before mentioning their workss for operations.coca-cola should besides The International Association for Impact Assessment ( IAIA ) defines an environmental impact appraisal as the procedure of identifying, foretelling, measuring and extenuating the biophysical, societal, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major determinations being taken and committednesss made.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages free essay sample

What are the advantages and disadvantages of telling stories using moving images? The overall objective and purpose of telling a story is to engage with the audience to convey the meaning of a plot and create a human connection on an emotional level (Batty p292). Stories can be told in a variety of ways, and the method by which a story/narrative is told determines the way in which we connect and interact with it emotionally. Each mode of story telling is capable of presenting the same story in different ways. Humans are capable of both understanding and interpreting the different content and style associated with different modes of story telling. For the purpose of this essay I contend that a moving image is one that is viewed upon a screen. This may include images such as photography, video or animation, which can be used to create films (long, short or continuous) or computer games. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Methods of telling stories, which do not use moving images, consist of watching plays in the theatre, reading books or listening to oral/ accounts. Filmmaking is the most common way of telling a story through moving image and is a language through which meaning; ideas and messages can be communicated. A story can be told for the first time through using moving images, or a story can be re told as an adaptation through using moving images when it has previously been told in a book or a play. It can also be a true story that people will know from history or news media. The ability to compare and contrast stories that have been told before make the advantages and disadvantages of using moving images more obvious and clear to understand. It can be argued that there is not a right or wrong way to tell a story, merely a different way, as both types of mode (image or no image) present opportunities which the other is less able to provide. I will start by considering story telling through moving images per se and then go on to discuss story telling through moving images where the story has been told before through another medium. I will also consider methods of story telling that use moving images in new and unconventional ways. Images are a very powerful medium that have the ability to communicate emotion without the use of words. Although most films are accompanied with dialogue, if this were to be removed, the construction and juxtaposition of a series of images would still be able to convey a message. When we are told and listen to a story or read a text we use our imagination to bring the story to life and create an image of our own visual representation of the events described. It can be argued that when we do this our own interpretation might not be the correct one, as the author had intended, and the meaning of the story could be misconstrued. This theory is supported by Cattryse who believes that ‘different people may â€Å"read† texts in different ways† (2010 p93), not the way that the originator of the story had intended them to be understood. Therefore telling a story using moving images portrays the content of the story visually,meaning that there is less room for misinterpretation by individuals as everyone viewing the story is put on a level playing field as they are all witnessing the same images instead of creating their own. An advantage of a moving image then is that the story and action can beportrayed more faithfully to the story teller’s wishes. Telling a story using moving images means that not only canthe images themselves be portrayed as a clear story, but the way the images are presented on screen can convey a deeper meaning or understanding and enhance what is shown on screen. Ganz states that ‘film is dependent on many kinds of movement’ (p228). One such movement is the movement of the camera itself, not just what it shows mise en scene. The movement of the camera has its own filmic language and semiotics. The director of a film is virtually compelled to move the camera, and use different angles and distances to create feeling as otherwise static repetitive shots would be dull and would not be able to re-enforce the atmosphere of the images on screen. Without the presence of any dialogue a feeling can be created by the way the camera moves and reveals what is on screen. Whether this be a pan across the screen, a slow or fast zoom in or out, a certain perspective shot or a point of view. The ay the camera moves, allows the audience to feel a sense of involvement as if they are part of the action because of the â€Å"accompanying movement of the eye† following what is happening on screen (Ganz p228). As Bubb states ‘technology now offers speed and fluidity’ (p370). In story telling this relates to the pace at which the information is understood and also the structure in which the information is pres ented. When using moving images to tell a story the control over space and time that the storyteller has is very different to that when telling a story using the written or spoken word. The film ‘Pulp Fiction’ by Quentin Tarantino demonstrates the notion of being able to control and manipulate the relation between space and time very well. It is a film with a complex narrative that has a non linear structure, where a combination of interlinked stories are told out of order, yet the flow of the narrative still runs smoothly and keeps the audience in suspense. The irregular pattern in the film where it fluctuates and jumps from scene to scene shows a combination of images that are â€Å"discontinuous moments, rendered continuous† (Ganz 2010 p 229). We have the knowledge that these moments â€Å"clearly can not take place in the same elapsed time† (Ganz 2010 p230). Yet it is due to this montage and juxtaposition of images that the audience has the opportunity to make imagined connections and consequences between images to try to create meaning. Moving images often present information in a non linear format, and present â€Å"many different iterations† (Ganz 2010 p227) that show possible directions that the story could take depending on the outcome of certain actions. This creates a greater sense of suspense in a story as Hitchcock states ‘in the usual form of suspense it is indispensable that the public be made perfectly aware of all of the facts involved. Otherwise there is no suspense† (cited in Ganz 2010 p227). This is because the audience can guess what might happen or how â€Å"two narrative threads, working for an overall narrative experience† (Batty p292) tie together, but until the critical moment where it is revealed they can never be sure. An advantage of telling stories using moving images is that more complex narratives can be told and remembered as â€Å"images or spatial relations between items are easier to retain in the memory than verbal, linear information† (Ganz 2010 p227). As mentioned previously the technology of moving images offers speed. This speed refers to the immediacy to which information is absorbed. Images are able to portray lots of information in a single frame that can absorbed by the audience quickly that would otherwise have to be explained or described if spoken or written. This cinematic code is known as ‘mise en scene’, which loosely translates as ‘setting the scene’. There are four basic elements that create the visual language which are; setting, props, figure expression/performance and finally costume. It is via these visual signifiers that we are able to build a picture and create meaning from what we can actually see. This is why stories that are told without moving images are â€Å"dependent on well turned phrases and a wide consciously literary vocabulary† (Ganz 2010 p227), the language is intensely descriptive and is â€Å"characterised by vivid, concrete detail† (Ganz 2010 p227). This is necessary in order to conjure a visual projection in the audiences mind as they must use their own imagination to bring the story to life. This also suggests that story telling using moving images is more likely to have a mass-appeal to audiences who may have a limited vocabulary or who may find it off-putting to access stories through reading a large volume of words in a book. We now live in a digital and technological era where our â€Å"environment changes and evolves† (zulackowska p86). In order to make sense of stories that have been told previously, ‘we change the media of the tales to enable us to adapt to new conditions’ (Zulackowska p86) and this allows us to interpret the meaning of the story in our current, relevant and contemporary setting. The story has to be adapted and innovated to a particular extent in order for us to understand and ‘engage with the tales in new ways so that we can expand and develop† the meaning of the story for our own use. This is one major advantage of being able to tell stories through moving images as the information can be made relevant to the modern day. An example of this would be the contrast between the film adaptations of Shakespeares ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by both Franco Zeffirelli (1968) and Baz Luhrmann (1996). Although the dialogue for both films were faithful and identical to the original play, Zeffirelli used images that depicted his version in a classical and traditional way that he thought Shakespeare had intended, whereas Luhrmann learly presented the images used in his adaptation as a film of the modern era at that time (1996). This illustrates how the different use of images can make the work of Shakespeare accessible to a different audience who could relate the story to a more contemporary period. Moving images can enhance the telling of stories through the use of ‘special effects’ (DVFx). Sometimes these are essential in order to recreate actual events such a s in the sinking of the boat in ‘Titanic’ or to show the unreal as ‘real’ as in the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings films. In Shilo T McClean’s book ‘Digital Story Telling The Narrative Power of Visual Effects’ she describes not only the different adaptations of the book ‘the Haunting’ by three different directors but also the use of digital effects that were employed. McClean makes the point that in the 1999 remake of The Haunting by Jan De Bont and in the Stephen Sommers film Van Helsing digital special effects can dominate and overwhelm a story. It is clear then that DVFx, as well as being a superb tool in the right hands of a director, can also weaken a story if it is not used judiciously as part of the production of the story. Although film adaptations of books or plays requires a major change from verbal to visual effects there be some disadvantages associated with doing so. For example, a film adaptation is unlikely to be capable of providing the true essence of the original narrative as it is being told using a new mode that the narrative was not intended for. This therefore means that the adaptation will be the personal interpretation of the screenwriter/director and in comparison to the original work, it can lack authenticity. In addition, as most feature length films are constrained to a time limit that rarely exceeds two-and-a-half hours, it becomes necessary for a film to distinguish what are the crucial and essential elements to the narrative from what is not. It can therefore be a disadvantage to tell a story using moving images as there is a â€Å"necessity to leave out parts of the literary material†.

Bending Lab Report Final Essays

Bending Lab Report Final Essays Bending Lab Report Final Paper Bending Lab Report Final Paper The second part of the lab will focus on using the ISM 04 Beam Apparatus to determine the deflection f point-loaded simply-supported beams made of steel, brass or aluminum. Using the deflection measurements, an examination of the relationship between deflection and material properties will be shown along with a comparison of the materials based on their strengths and deflections, both theoretical and experimental. The last objective of this laboratory is to verify the theory of pure bending using the SMASH Beam Apparatus. Introduction Engineers use beams to support loads over a span length. These beams are structural members that are only loaded non-axially causing them to be objected to bending. A piece is said to be in bending if the forces act on a piece of material in such a way that they tend to induce compressive stresses over one part of a cross section of the piece and tensile stresses over the remaining part (Ref. 1). This definition of bending is illustrated below in Figure 1. Figure 1 Bending on a Cross Section 5 It can be seen from Figure 1 that the compressive force, C, and the tensile force, T, acting on the member are equal in magnitude because of equilibrium. Therefore, the compressive force and the tensile force form a force couple whose moment is equal to either the tensile force multiplied by the moment arm or the compressive force multiplied by the moment arm. The moment arm is denoted, e, in Figure 1. Figure 2 Bending Action caused by Transverse Loads Figure 2, shown above, is an illustration of bending action in a beam acted upon by transverse loads. Bending may be accompanied by direct stress, transverse shear or torsions shear, however for convenience; bending stresses may be considered separately (Ref. 1). In order to separate the stresses it is assumed that the loads are applied in the following manner: loads act in a plane of symmetry, o twisting occurs, deflections are parallel to the plane of the loads, and no longitudinal forces are induced by the loads or by the supports (Ref. 1). A beam or part of a beam that is only acted on by the bending stresses is said to be in a condition of pure bending. However for many circumstances bending is accompany by transverse shear. The term flexure is used to refer to bending tests of beams subjected to transverse loading (Ref. ). A visual illustration of the transverse shear and bending moment can 6 be seen in the shear and bending moment diagrams of the beam. It is important o note that in a symmetrical 2-point loading scenario, the center portion of the beam will be in a condition of pure bending as such the bending stresses may be considered separately. Deflection of a beam is the displacement of a point on the neutral surface of a beam fr om its original position under the action of applied loads (Ref. 1). Before the proportional limit of the material, the deflection, A, can be calculated using the moment of inertia, modulus of elasticity along with other section properties that will depend on the given situation imposed on the beam. The position of the load, the type of load applied on the beam, and the Engel of beam are examples of section properties that depend on the situation. The deflection equations for two common cases are listed below in equations (1) and (2). Case 1: Center deflection of a simple beam with freely supported ends and concentrated load, P, at the mid-span (Ref. ). Equation (1) where: A = deflection, (mm) P = load, (N) L = length of beam, (mm) E = modulus of elasticity (N/mm) = moment of inertia of section about the neutral axis, (mm) 7 Case 2: Center deflection of a simple beam with concentrated loads, each equal to P, at third points of span (Ref. 1). Equation (2) P load, (N) moment of inertia of section about the neutral axis, (mm) Deflection is a measure of o verall stiffness of a given beam and can be seen to be a function of the stiffness of the material and proportions of the piece (Ref. 1). Deflection measurements give the engineer a way to calculate the modulus of elasticity for a material in flexure. The stiffness of a given material is calculated using the following equation: Equation (3) p = load, (N) Stiffness (N/m) 8 A beam may fail in any of the following ways: A beam may fail by yielding of extreme fibers, in long span beams compression fivers act like those of a column ND fail by buckling, in webbed members excessive shear stress may occur and stress concentrations may build up in parts of beam adjacent to bearing blocks (Ref. 1).

Cardiovascular Disease in American Culture Term Paper - 1

Cardiovascular Disease in American Culture - Term Paper Example According to trends and medical statistical data, every twenty five seconds, an American will suffer from a heart related medical condition and around every minute, an American will die from one. Cardiovascular disease can be caused by a multitude of both determinant factors as well as a variety of environmental factors. There has been researching was done which suggests that certain people have a genetic predisposition for the development of cardiovascular-related diseases. In particular, some people have a genetic defect that results in the muscles of the arterial wall in the heart, which makes a person more prone to heart attacks. Another big factor, which has been stressed in the development of cardiovascular disease, is living a poor lifestyle. A majority of foods that are eaten today have are highly processed foods that are high in fat and sodium. This can lead to the build-up of plaque in the heart and other cardiovascular-related structures. A lack of exercise leads to diseas es such as obesity and diabetes, which are comorbid with cardiovascular disease. The use of tobacco products and alcohol has also been shown to increase one’s predisposition to the development of cardiovascular-related illnesses. It has also been shown that there are psychological conditions that can lead to the development of heart disease. In particular, stress has been linked to this. Stress and anxiety can lead to the secretion of hormones into the blood, which can put strain on the cardiovascular structures leading to high blood pressure, possibility of heart attack, etc. There are many ways to avoid the development of cardiovascular disease. The most common way to avoid this development is by living a healthy lifestyle. Exercise in general and staying away from a sedentary lifestyle can lead to the strengthening of cardiovascular structures.

Dynamics of Managerial Accounting Process Research Paper

Dynamics of Managerial Accounting Process - Research Paper Example The research will focus on practical solutions that are dynamic to cater for structural weaknesses in an organization’s management and communication of information. Dynamics of an organization’s management provides for a comprehensive introduction of constraints to managerial accounting and decision-making efficiency in profit and non-profit oriented organizations. Organizations are desperately in need of a supportive and fully integrated accounting system that enables efficient communication of accounting information for vital managerial decision-making. Changes in management accounting take place in a variety of dimensions that are of an irregular nature. However, organizations need to adapt their management accounting tasks, techniques, skills, and tools to the relevant dynamics. The study seeks to analyze management accounting practices to come up with functional solutions in adopting the continual changes concerning the practice. Solutions need to influence managem ent accountants to advance and adopt their practices to be able to relate management accounting to information flow that is wider within the organization. Nevertheless, current dynamics depict shifts from financial accounting practices to those oriented to commerce. However, irrespective of the dynamics, the study recognizes that traditional managerial accounting practices such as cost control, interpretation of operational information, and management budgeting remain essential. The research seeks to represent continuous improvement of managerial accounting with the necessity of adopting a broad view of commerce. Study expectations are directed towards the adoption of non-financial measures where users are able to integrate both non-financial and financial measures into planned strategic activities. Study expectations to solutions also require that managers should embrace ethics in carrying out their day-to-day tasks besides developing quality leadership skills. On the other hand, f uture managerial accounting techniques and tools are expected to be activity-based and forward-looking. The study would also reveal value creation tools that appear to be important for future managerial accounting. Review of Literature Managerial Accounting Dynamics According to Hopwood and Chapman (2009, p. 1222), the manners in which organizations manage various dimensions of change bring about significant implications for managerial accounting dynamics and innovations to changing perspectives. The organization has to understand different types of changes such as predictable and unpredictable, controllable and non-controllable, evolutionary and revolutionary, and comprehensive and incremental among many other types. An understanding of the various types of changes is not only good for organizations, but also a necessity to achieving efficient management. Managerial accounting process is dynamic in nature just like the world dynamics, in order for users of accounting information to remain relevant in future and the present day dynamics the organization needs to have a thorough understanding of the existing change dynamics. Managerial accounting dynamics necessitate organizations to spend resources on solution alternatives to enable standardization of existing accounting tools, skills, and

School Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Research - Essay Example To complement these subjects, design & build courses are likewise taught to extend conventional studio conditions in order to make students realize the relationship between design, detailing and construction. After browsing the website, I particularly liked the emphasis given on the School's objective of having well-rounded students. This means that while students are able to master the rudiments of architecture, they are also given the opportunity to define their specific professional and personal goals. Moreover, there appears to be a balance between the theoretical and practical courses offered. On the down side, I noted that for design & build courses, focus is given on affordable housing and accessible recreation facilities. I think that this somehow limits the potential of students who may opt to design other types of structures. In terms of presentation, the aesthetics is sufficient to capture the interest of readers. However, the wording may still be improved so that readers would easily understand course descriptions. Furthermore, more pictures of actual classroom settings should be posted so that it would be easier to imagine the School's environment.

The Bbc And The Public Service Broadcasting Media Essay

The Bbc And The Public Service Broadcasting Media Essay John Reith had founded BBC in 1922, to inform, educate and entertain. In the 1930s the BBC expands by the construction of Broadcasting House, the first ever purpose-built broadcast center in the UK. The BBC creates an ever expanding range of radio broadcasts across arts, education and news, launches the Empire Service, and experiments with the worlds first ever regular TV service under John Logie Baird. The TV service closes during World War 2, which makes BBC radio crucial. Winston Churchill makes his famous inspirational speeches over the BBC airwaves, and BBC news becomes a lifeline for countless listeners in the UK and around the world. Radio also launches some of its long-running programs such as Womans Hour and Book at Bedtime; and creates the groundbreaking Third Programme. The 1950s is the decade of television. In 1953, 20 million BBC viewers watched Elizabeth II crowned. Following television innovations include Attenboroughs Zoo Quest, Blue Peter for children, the creation o f daily news bulletins and analysis programs such as Panorama, and the first ever British TV soap. The building of the first ever purpose-built TV center in the world takes place in the 1960s. In this decade also a momentous technological breakthrough happens, as the nation gasps at pictures of man on the moon and observes the transition to new color television. In the 1970s, Morecambe and Wise make the whole nation laugh. The Family shows us ourselves as never before in the first fly-on-the-wall documentary. Drama expands to span both the dark and the literary, from Dennis Potter to the BBC Shakespeare Project. A devastated world gives a new focus to the BBC in the 1980s. One of the largest TV audiences ever is recorded for Charles and Dianas wedding and the BBC launches its most popular TV soap of all time, EastEnders. In the 1990s BBC enters the digital age in this decade, developing a range of digital broadcasting and internet services. Also news goes 24 hours, Princess Diana do minates the documentary headlines and by the end of the 1990s, 19 million people watch her funeral. The 2000s is the digital decade, the BBC responds to audiences need to have program content anytime, any place, anywhere. The IBBC iPlayer launches successfully at the end of 2007, which gives viewers in the UK the opportunity to catch up on programs screened over the previous seven days. Also the BBC website grows fast with an average of 3.6 billion hits per month. http://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc/innovation/index.shtml 3. What are the implications of the 1954 Television Act? The Television Act of 1954 created Independent Television, a new advertising-financed service, to compete with BBC. This of course caused implications for the BBC, since they were no longer the only commercial television. http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=britishtelev 4. What was the influence of the introduction of commercial television? 5. What is included in the Television broadcasting Act of 1990? Rules introduced on cross-media holdings to prevent ownership being concentrated in too few hands. National newspaper owners prevented from holding more than a 20% stake in TV companies, with similar restrictions on cross-ownership between commercial TV, satellite TV and national radio stations. Loophole controversially protected Rupert Murdoch on basis that Sky was defined as a non-UK service. Continental companies allowed bidding for licenses or taking over license-holders. Companies allowed owning more than one license: holders of one of nine large franchises (e.g. north-west England) also allowed controlling one of six small franchises (e.g. south-west England). Independent Television Commission (ITC) becomes new light touch regulator governing terrestrial and cable-satellite services, with key task of awarding 15 ITV regional licenses and national breakfast license by auction: license to go to highest bidder, assuming it meets quality threshold and ITC does not invoke exceptional circumstances to choose an under bidder. Radio Authority set up, awarding licenses (also by competitive tender, i.e. auction) for three new national commercial stations and for many more local commercial stations. Broadcasting Standards Council given statutory status, although rulings not binding. Channel 5 to be set up, with license awarded by auction. Channel 4 to lose its link with ITV by being allowed to sell its own advertising, but not (as the free-marketers would have preferred) to be privatized. Advertisers had lobbied for the competition in the sale of air-time this ensured, but no one knew if the channel could generate enough ad revenue without compromising program standards. Hence the safety net 14% of all commercial terrestrial ad revenue (the funding formula) protecting its funding. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2000/nov/20/broadcasting.mondaymediasection2 An Act to make new provision with respect to the provision and regulation of independent television and sound program services and of other services provided on television or radio frequencies; to make provision with respect to the provision and regulation of local delivery services; to amend in other respects the law relating to broadcasting and the provision of television and sound program services and to make provision with respect to the supply and use of information about programs; to make provision with respect to the transfer of the property, rights and liabilities of the Independent Broadcasting Authority and the Cable Authority and the dissolution of those bodies; to make new provision relating to the Broadcasting Complaints Commission; to provide for the establishment and functions of a Broadcasting Standards Council; to amend the Wireless Telegraphy Acts 1949 to 1967 and the Marine, c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967; to revoke a class license granted under the Telecommu nications Act 1984 to run broadcast relay systems; and for connected purposes. http://www.palermo.edu/cele/pdf/Regulaciones/ReinoUnidoBroadcastingAct(1990).pdf 6. What is the role of BBCs Royal Charter, the BBC Trust and Ofcom?  »Ã‚ ¿The Royal Charter is the legal basis for the BBC. It sets out the public purposes of the BBC, guarantees its independence, and outlines the duties of the Trust and the Executive Board. The word trust is used in the name of the BBC Trust in an informal sense, to suggest a body which discharges a public trust as guardian of the public interest. The word is not used in its technical legal sense, and it is not intended to imply that the members of the Trust are to be treated as trustees of property or to be subject to the law relating to trusts or trustees. Ofcom means the Office of Communications; http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/about/how_we_govern/charter.pdf http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/governance/regulatory_framework/charter_agreement.html 7. What broadcasting stations exist in the UK? Mention history, type of station, target audience and mission of the station. 8. What are the trends in television viewing in the UK? 9. What are the advantages of new forms of television viewing? 10. How is the television market financed in the UK? 11. What are the expectations for the future television landscape in the UK? (From a broadcasters point of view) 12. What is cross-media ownership?

The Role of Business in Society Essay -- Analysis, Dr. Novak

The problem to be investigated is that of understanding Dr. Novak’s discussions of the role business plays in society. The discussion centers around the topics of understanding the origins of the corporation, understanding the difference between corporations in the United States and Britain, understanding the different definitions of stakeholders, understanding the differences between democracy and social democracy, and understanding the evolving role of business. (Jennings, 2009) Furthermore, viewpoints from Plato, Cicero and Weaver are integrated to add depth to the discussion. The problem to be investigated is that of understanding Dr. Novak’s discussions of the role business plays in society. The discussion centers around the topics of understanding the origins of the corporation, understanding the difference between corporations in the United States and Britain, understanding the different definitions of stakeholders, understanding the differences between democracy and social democracy, and understanding the evolving role of business. (Jennings, 2009) Furthermore, viewpoints from Plato, Cicero and Weaver are integrated to add depth to the discussion. Origins of the Corporation Corporations began in the early middle ages through humbled societies and later developed as monasteries, towns, and universities. These corporations were exclusive and closely controlled by the state. In America in 1636, Harvard University began as a corporation. (Jennings, 2009) This was much to the dismay of those located across the Atlantic, as US citizens’ desired independence from royal charters and wanted to create corporations to meet their needs. By 1750, the American colonies had six universities, while England stil... ...fferent times to the needs of its creators. (Jennings, 2009) Conclusion Dr. Novak has strong and well thought out viewpoints of the role of the corporation in society. His belief is that the corporation in the United States is a stronger and better society because of its ability to provide rewards to stakeholders rather than society as a whole. Dr. Novak further adds to his argument that by understanding the differences between corporations and between stakeholders in the United States and Britain he can identify the motivations and strengths of corporations. (Jennings, 2009) Novak’s beliefs can be further supported by others on the topic including: Plato, Cicero, Aristotle (Henderson et al, 2009) and Weaver. (Weaver 2008) Dr. Novak also includes a discussion with the understanding the evolving role of business. (Jennings, 2009)

Saving the Children

Throughout history children have been deliberately killed, abused, and neglected by rulers, society or parents. Child abuse is an injury or pattern of injuries to a child that is not accidental. According to the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, in 1995 about 2. 9 million children in the United States were reported as abused or neglected to government agencies that investigate child abuse. Child abuse can be hard to recognize sometimes because it is often under the name of spanking or discipline ( According to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, par. 1). Even when the state takes children away from parents because of the severity of the abuse, parents sometimes deny that they did anything wrong (par. 2). But when does discipline become abuse? According to Utah State law, if you spank a child too hard and he/she gets a bruise, that technically counts as an incidence of child abuse (par. 2). Refraining from physical punishment, as practiced by parents and recommended by children psychologist today, would have shocked parents of earlier times (Murdock 7). Before the 1960 s parental discipline often took the form of physical punishment. When spankings became beatings physical abuse prevailed (7). Child abuse does not only consist of physical abuse. There are several types of child abuse, and unfortunately, some children experience more than one. Physical abuse includes deliberate acts of violence that injure or even kill a child. Unexplained bruises, broken bones, or burn marks on a child may be signs of physical abuse. The average age of victims of physical child abuse is eight years old (Wallace 33). Twenty-seven percent of all child maltreatment cases involve physical abuse. Three percent of these cases involve life-threatening injuries such as poisoning, fractures, or brain damage. Fourteen percent involve minor injuries, including bruises, cuts or shaking. The remaining eleven percent are unspecified injuries (33). The data is probably a low estimate of the true incidence of abuse since there is no exact method of determining unreported cases. Sexual abuse occurs when adults use children for sexual gratification ( According to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, par. ). Sexual abuse may begin with kissing or fondling and progress to more intrusive sexual acts, such as oral sex and vaginal or anal penetration. Experts estimate that one out of every three or four girls and one out of every seven to ten boys below the age of eighteen are violated (Murdock 11). Other acts that use children as sexual objects, such as, child pornography and subjecting children to view sexual acts committed by adults, are also include in the definition of child sexual abuse (Gitterman 346). The US Department of Health and Human Services categorizes sexual abuse into three groups: intrusion (evidence of actual penile penetration), molestation with genital contact (acts where some form of actual genital contact had occurred), and other or unknown sexual abuse (unspecified acts not known to have involved actual genital contact: e. g. , fondling of breasts or buttocks, exposure) (11). Mary Pipher, the author of Reviving Ophelia, states in her book that she had seen a bumper sticker on a young man s car that read: If I don t get laid soon somebody s gonna get hurt (Pipher 219). This is the sick society we live in, on any given day in America, 480 women and children will be forcibly raped, 5,760 women will be assaulted by a male intimate partner and four women and three children will be murdered by a family member (219). Emotional abuse, another type of child abuse, destroys a child s self-esteem and undermines his confidence (Landau 36). Such abuse commonly includes repeated verbal abuse of a child in the form of shouting, threats, and degrading or humiliating criticism (36). Other types of emotional abuse are confinement, such as isolation or denying a child friends (39). The most common form of child abuse is neglect. Neglect makes up almost half of the confirmed cases of child abuse in the 1990 s ( According to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, par. 1). Physical neglect involves a parent s failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care to a child (par. 1). About fifty-five percent of children who are mistreated suffer from severe neglect (Morales, par. 6). These are very young children who are abandoned or left alone for more than forty-eight hours, aren t fed, do not receive needed medical treatment, or are not sent to school for days at a time (par. ). Emotional neglect occurs when a parent or caretaker fails to meet a child s basic need for attention and comfort. According to a study done by the US Department of Health and Human Services, 223,000 children or 3. 5 per 1,000 suffer from emotional neglect ( Murdock 103). Emotional neglect can also be in the form of overprotective restrictions that further immaturity and emotional overdependence. Young adults who have been abused often confuse the concept of the family. To them, violence, anger, and fear are common. They may also confuse love with violence r love with sex. Because of these family distortions some victims have a hard time receiving help (Jacklitsch & Powers 24). The consequences of child abuse are unfortunate. A child assaulted by a parent loses self-respect, hope, and trust and with no choice available, resorts to doing what they were taught, the only thing they know, abuse (Fong 27). The psychological effects of abuse include depression, low self-esteem, loss of trust, anxiety, denial, problems with establishing intimacy, feelings of futurelessness, and family distortion (Jaklitsch & Powers 20-28). Confirmed by several studies, researchers have demonstrated that depression is one of the most commonly reported symptoms by adults who were sexually abused as children (21). Low self-esteem, as well, is a symptom among young people. They approach situations feeling inferior and are afraid to hope (22). A loss of trust is also common. Experiences with their own parental figures has taught them not to count on adults for support, guidance, or protection (22). Maltreated teenagers are filled with anger caused by years of pain and rejection. They become afraid when under stress of minor frustrations. Underneath the anger is pain, which makes these young people particularly vulnerable to additional disappointment and mistreatment (23). Denial is a natural response to painful experiences. Some of the behaviors in which these young people hide their denial are through drugs, alcohol, constant listening to music, sexual activity and aggression (23). Establishing intimacy is difficult for maltreated adolescents because their feelings were often discounted. They must realize that they are not responsible for their maltreatment 23-24). Many abused children feel hopeless. They have little faith in the future because they have learned to expect little or nothing of what they hoped for as children (24). A great deal of abuse happens secretly in the privacy of people s homes. Too often we only hear about the most sensationalized cases of abuse: those that reach television, radio, and newspapers (Landau 12). However, more subtle forms of abuse take place in households around the world on a daily basis (13). Why are so many children severely neglected and abused by those responsible for their care? Research has clearly revealed that child abuse is not associated with race or ethnicity in this country. The strongest correlating factor is poverty. However, abuse is found at all socioeconomic levels (Morales, par. 8). Parents who live on less than $15,000 a year are more likely to abuse their children than those who earn more than $30,000 per year (par. 8). Drug and alcohol abuse is also highly associated with child abuse. As a group, the largest number of children who are abused or neglected grew up having one or more alcoholic parents (Murdock 90). Substance abuse undermines adults ability to function in many areas, including parenting, work, and personal life (Morales, par. 9). There is also a strong relationship between stress and violent physical outburst directed at youngsters who are at the wrong place at the wrong time. Abusive mothers report high levels of parental-stress which they claim is brought about by their child s poor compliance with behavior-directed instructions and their own tolerance levels towards their child s behavior (Busby 47). Stress that is brought on by a variety of conditions raises the risk of child abuse within a family. These conditions include unemployment, illness, poor housing conditions, a larger-than-average-family size, the presence of a new baby, a disabled person in the home, or the death of a family member, but as always, families living in poverty make up the majority of reported child abuse cases. An important resource to help manage personal stress is the support of others e. g. , a spouse, relative, or friend (Morales, par. 10). Sexual abuse is driven by several destructive factors. Often, the perpetrator was sexually victimized as a child or youth and, unlike others, did not heal from the experience. The result frequently is distorted sexual drives and emotional needs. Divorce and single parenting expose children to other men who do not have a biological or long term commitment to youngsters well-being. Not to mention the erotic society that we live in which includes some men who have not learned or found a way to manage their sexual needs (par. 11). We must make an effort to prevent child abuse before it occurs. The process through which children are taken out of their homes and placed in the care of their economically poor relatives (usually grandparents), which occurs in almost fifty percent of cases, is a weak solution. It is costly, oftentimes leaves children in a state of emotional instability, and adds economic strain to the financially poor grandparents who are trying to raise their kin; and generally it is too late to prevent permanent damage to the child from years of abuse (Morales par. 15). The only hope in preventing much of this is for society to set an expectation for prospective and new parents to prepare themselves for the role. Parenting must be taken on with the utmost responsibility (par. 16). Next, private and public organizations, such as, churches, YMCA s community colleges, and city-funded community centers, could create family resource centers where parents could find practical information on parenting, classes for parents and kids, as well as childbirth classes (par. 17). Fortunately, some parenting programs have already been established. According to the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse (NCPCA), child maltreatment is a complex problem with a multitude of causes, an approach to prevention must respond to a range of needs (Donnelly, par. 1). The NCPCA has devised a strategy that consists of a variety of community-based programs to prevent child abuse. Hopefully, these programs will provide parents and children with the education and support necessary for healthy family functioning (par. 1). Some of the prevention programs include the prenatal support program. Its purpose is to prepare individuals for the job of parenting. Currently, home visitation is the most innovative prevention program used in approaching the difficulties of educating and supporting the at-risk-family (par. 3). Treatment for abused children include therapeutic day school programs as well as day hospital programs, residential programs, and home and clinical setting treatment. These programs concentrate on improving the emotional and developmental skills of younger children and psychodynamic treatment for children in older age groups (par. ). Child abusers must be stopped, closely monitored or removed from society before any more young people are damaged for life. While hospitals, schools, and community agencies have a critical role in preventing child abuse, they cannot do it alone. Educational campaigns are necessary to make the public aware of how severe child abuse is and how individuals can make a difference. The effectiveness of diminishing child abuse will only be realized when there is a fully aware public committed to preventing child abuse.